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Phase Transfer Catalysts & Quaternary Ammonium Salts

Quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts, crown ethers and Aliquat 336 for phase transfer catalysis, surfactant use and disinfection chemistry.
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GridList
Aliquat 336
CAS
63393-96-4
Formula
[CH3(CH2)6CH2]3N(Cl)CH3
MW
404.16 g/mol
ZX-001333

Phase transfer catalysis lets an aqueous anion react with an organic substrate by carrying it across the phase boundary. Quaternary ammonium salts are the classic carriers, and this sub-category supplies a broad set of them. Products include Aliquat 336, Benzyltributylammonium bromide and chloride, (1-Butyl)triethylammonium bromide, and benzalkonium chloride solutions at 50% and 80% for biocidal formulations.

Catalyst selection depends on lipophilicity and the anion being moved. Longer alkyl chains favour transfer into non-polar solvents, while benzyl salts are cheaper and easier to remove. Counter-ion matters as well, since iodide or bromide can compete with the reacting anion. Small screening packs allow comparison before committing to process scale.

  • Alkylation, cyanation and ether synthesis under biphasic conditions
  • Oxidations with aqueous hypochlorite or permanganate
  • Surfactant and antimicrobial formulations

Solids are packed in sealed bottles or fibre drums, and concentrated solutions in HDPE containers. Each lot comes with a COA and SDS covering assay and appearance.

Phase Transfer Catalysts & Quaternary Ammonium Salts: questions buyers ask

How much phase transfer catalyst is normally needed?
Typical loadings fall between 1 and 10 mol% relative to the limiting reagent. Higher loadings speed up slow reactions but make work-up harder and raise cost. Start low in a small trial, follow conversion, and increase only if the rate is limiting. Efficient stirring matters as much as catalyst amount in biphasic systems.
How are quaternary ammonium salts removed after the reaction?
Water-soluble salts such as tetrabutyl or benzyltriethyl ammonium halides wash out with aqueous extraction. More lipophilic catalysts like Aliquat 336 stay in the organic layer and may need silica filtration or crystallisation of the product. Choosing the least lipophilic catalyst that still works simplifies purification.
Is benzalkonium chloride here suitable for disinfectant formulations?
The 50% and 80% solutions are used as concentrates in disinfectant and preservative formulations. Their alkyl chain distribution affects antimicrobial activity, so check the specification against your product requirements. Pharmacopoeial grade documentation can be offered where that grade exists, which matters for pharmaceutical and personal-care uses.

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