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Biochemicals

Biological Buffers

Good's zwitterionic buffers, Tris, amino-alcohol and acetate buffers for biochemistry, molecular biology, cell culture and diagnostics.
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A biological buffer must hold pH steady without interfering with the enzyme, cell or assay it protects. The zwitterionic Good's buffers were designed for exactly that job. This sub-category lists them alongside amino-alcohol and classical buffers, including 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinepropanesulfonic acid (HEPPS/EPPS) 99.5%, 3-Morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulphonic acid (MOPSO), ACES, ADA and 2-Amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol GR 99%.

Start with pKa. A buffer works best within about one unit of its pKa, and pKa shifts with temperature, sharply so for Tris. Then consider metal binding, since some buffers chelate calcium or copper, and UV absorbance if you read proteins or nucleic acids. Purity and heavy metal limits matter for enzymology and cell work.

Buffers are stable solids supplied from 25 g bottles to multi-kilogram drums for kit and media manufacturers. Each lot ships with a COA covering assay, pH of a stated solution and appearance. See our lab tools for help calculating buffer recipes.

Biological Buffers: questions buyers ask

Why does the pH of my Tris buffer change with temperature?
Tris has a large temperature coefficient, so its pKa drops by about 0.03 units for each degree rise. A buffer set to pH 8.0 at room temperature will be noticeably more alkaline at 4 °C. Adjust the pH at the temperature you will use, or choose a Good's buffer with a smaller temperature effect.
Which buffers should be avoided with metal-dependent enzymes?
Buffers such as ADA, bicine and citrate bind metal ions and can strip them from enzymes or shift free metal concentrations. Phosphate precipitates calcium and some heavy metals. HEPES, MOPS and PIPES bind metals only weakly, making them safer choices for metalloenzyme and calcium-signalling assays.
Are Good's buffers suitable for cell culture?
HEPES is widely used in culture media because it buffers well near physiological pH outside a CO2 incubator. It can produce peroxide when exposed to light in media containing riboflavin, so protect prepared media from light. Use cell-culture tested grades where your protocol demands documented testing.

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