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Organic Building Blocks

Alcohols & Polyols

Chiral and achiral alcohols, diols, benzyl alcohols and polyols for synthesis, polymers, solvents and pharmaceutical intermediates.
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GridList
(-)-Linalool
CAS
126-91-0
Formula
C10H18O
MW
154.25 g/mol
ZX-043128

Alcohols are among the most useful intermediates in synthesis, since the hydroxyl group can be oxidised, substituted, protected or turned into a leaving group. This sub-category covers simple and functionalised alcohols, chiral secondary alcohols, diols and polyols. Examples include (R)-(−)-3-Hydroxytetrahydrofuran and its (S)-enantiomer, used in drug synthesis, (S)-(+)-Propane-1,2-diol, (2,3-Dichlorophenyl)methanol, (±)-2-Octanol and 1,10-Decanediol for polyesters.

For chiral alcohols, enantiomeric excess is the key figure, often confirmed by chiral GC or HPLC. Water content matters for anhydrous reactions, since many alcohols are hygroscopic. Long-chain diols are chosen by chain length for polymer flexibility and melting point, and benzyl alcohols by ring substitution for the next step.

  • Chiral hydroxy-THF and propanediols for API routes
  • Substituted benzyl alcohols as aryl building blocks
  • Long-chain diols for polyesters and polyurethanes

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Alcohols & Polyols: questions buyers ask

Why is 3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran important in drug synthesis?
The chiral 3-hydroxytetrahydrofuran ring appears in several drugs, including some HIV protease inhibitors and the diabetes drug empagliflozin. Each enantiomer is used for specific targets, so enantiomeric purity is critical. It is typically activated as a sulphonate or used in Mitsunobu reactions to attach the ring.
How do I convert an alcohol into a good leaving group?
Common methods are converting it to a tosylate or mesylate with the sulphonyl chloride and base, or to a halide using reagents such as thionyl chloride or phosphorus tribromide. Mitsunobu conditions substitute the alcohol directly with inversion of configuration, which is useful for chiral secondary alcohols.
How should hygroscopic alcohols and diols be stored?
Keep them in tightly closed containers, ideally under dry nitrogen, and store them at room temperature away from moisture. Diols such as propanediol absorb water readily, which affects stoichiometry in polymerisations and moisture-sensitive reactions. Dry over molecular sieves if a very low water content is needed.

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