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Organic Building Blocks

Halogenated Hydrocarbons

Alkyl and aryl bromides, chlorides and iodides for cross-coupling, alkylation, flame-retardant research and solvent use.
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Halogenated hydrocarbons provide the reactive carbon-halogen bonds that cross-coupling, Grignard formation and alkylation rely on. This sub-category supplies alkyl and aryl halides in many substitution patterns. Examples include 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene 99%, 1,2,4-Tribromobenzene, 1,2,3-Tribromopropane, gem-dibromides such as 1,1-Dibromopentane, and Hexabromocyclododecane for flame-retardant analysis.

Reactivity follows the halogen: iodides react fastest in substitution and oxidative addition, bromides offer a good balance, and chlorides are cheapest but slowest. Polyhalogenated aromatics let chemists build molecules stepwise, coupling one position at a time. Some compounds here are persistent organic pollutants or restricted substances, sold for analytical and research use, so check local rules before ordering and expect an end-use question.

  • Aryl polyhalides for sequential cross-coupling
  • Alkyl and gem-dihalides for alkylation and carbenoid chemistry
  • Brominated flame retardants as analytical standards

Products ship in sealed amber bottles with a COA and SDS. Light-sensitive iodides are packed with extra protection.

Halogenated Hydrocarbons: questions buyers ask

Why are some brominated compounds sold only for analysis?
Hexabromocyclododecane and some other brominated flame retardants are listed under the Stockholm Convention as persistent organic pollutants. Their commercial use is restricted, but laboratories need them as reference materials to test products and the environment. Orders may need a statement of analytical or research end use.
How can I couple one halogen selectively in a polyhaloarene?
Choose a substrate with different halogens, since iodide and bromide react before chloride in palladium coupling. With identical halogens, electronic and steric differences between positions guide selectivity, and careful choice of catalyst, ligand and temperature helps. Monitoring conversion closely prevents over-coupling.
How should alkyl iodides be stored?
Alkyl iodides release iodine slowly in light and air, turning pink or brown. Store them cold and dark, often over a piece of copper wire or silver as a stabiliser. Wash discoloured material with sodium thiosulphate solution or filter through alumina before use in sensitive reactions.

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